The brave hero of Maharashtra resides in the hearts of citizens even today. The great warrior Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is an iconic leader and fighter in the history of India. Born in the state of Maharashtra, Shivaji Maharaj is associated with the freedom struggle movement. Known for his guerrilla warfare skills, the Maratha leader is celebrated on Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti. It falls on the 19th of February when citizens commemorate the birth anniversary of the fearless fighter.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti is an important day in Indian history, as the fighter who revolutionised Maharashtra was born on this date. It is the day where you get an opportunity to honour the system and concepts initiated by him. Moreover, it is also the day to revisit his courageous journey through his countless contributions. So, let’s explore the major events of his life, achievements and impact on the country’s freedom struggle.
Early Life of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
The tall and majestic Shivneri fort receives all the love from trekkers and followers of Shivaji Maharaj. Do you know why? It is because this brave leader was born in the Shivneri Fort in the year 1630. No wonder it is one of the significant forts in Maharashtra, considering its historic touch. He was born to Shahaji Bhosale, a general under the Bijapur Sultanate and Jijabai, a deeply religious and patriotic woman. His mother greatly influenced his upbringing, vision, thoughts and the idea of patriotism. Throughout his life, Shivaji Maharaj learnt and evolved with the help of Jijabai’s teachings.
You must have lived a childhood filled with stories of fairylands or the kingdom of animals. However, the childhood of this warrior was completely distinct. He grew up listening to tales of Hindu warriors and Indian kings. He learnt about the concept of war, strength and rule among different religious communities and so on. These tales inspired his vision of Swarajya (self-rule).
No warrior is complete without extreme training and personal development as a fighter. Even Shivaji Maharaj went through rigorous training to build an empire. He received training in military tactics, administration and warfare. Interestingly, he learnt everything under the guidance of an expert strategist named Dadoji Kondadev.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti: Learning about his Major Life Events
1. Capturing Torna Fort (1645-1646)
While ordinary humans think of fancy gadgets at 16, Shivaji Maharaj clearly wanted something worthwhile. Located in the Sahyadri mountain range, Torna Fort was a crucial fort under the control of the Bijapur Sultanate. Shivaji Maharaj launched a surprise attack and took control of the fort.
Being one of the largest forts in the region, he decided to use it as a strong base for future campaigns. He even expanded the fort and named the extension Prachangad. If you too wish to discover the first conquered place, make sure to book hotels near Torna Fort for a wonderful time.
2. Conquering Other Forts (1646 – 1647)
After capturing one of the largest forts, Shivaji Maharaj clearly knew his idea of Swaraj. He then planned to build strategically powerful routes for wars, trading and more. That required him to cover extended hilly areas. Hence, he began by capturing the Rajgad fort, known for its steep hills. It was even declared as Shivaji’s capital.
Situated near Pune, Kondana Fort was another key fort for strengthening the military. It was important for controlling trade; hence, Shivaji Maharaj captured it as well. Later, he conquered Purandar Fort as it was significant in controlling the Deccan region’s trade routes. If you wish to see it, book budget-friendly hotels near Purandar Fort Pune for a great time. The conquering of multiple forts strengthened the Maratha rule in the region.
3. Treaty of Purandar (1665)
The Deccan region was ruled by the Mughals and after Shivaji conquered many forts, their rule was in threat. That’s when the Mughals decided to launch a campaign against Shivaji. It was led by Mirza Raja Jai Singh, who decided to launch direct military action against the Maratha warrior. While the Marathas were successful in beating the Mughal, Shivaji Maharaj used his diplomatic tactics to handle the situation.
The Mughal forces were much larger and better equipped. At the same time, Shivaji’s forces had limited resources. Hence, he began negotiating with the Mughal authorities. Shivaji strategically surrendered 23 forts to the Mughal Empire.
Mughals promised the jagir (land grant) of Jadhavwadi to continue governing his remaining territories. This move halted the attacks from the Mughals and Sambhaji, Shivaji’s brother, was also released from the prison of the Mughals. In the later years, Shivaji Maharaj rebuilt his strength and conquered the forts with military excellence and strategic thinking.
4. Escape from Agra (1666)
As the Mughals were unhappy with the dominance of Shivaji Maharaj in the Deccan region, they arrived at the Treaty of Purandar. As a part of the treaty, Aurangzeb invited Shivaji Maharaj to discuss mutual interests. When he visited Agra, he was greeted warmly by the Mughals.
Considering the powerful aura and resilience of the Maratha leader, the Mughals put Shivaji Maharaj under house arrest. Did you know it was a strategic move to prevent Shivaji from posing a threat to Mughal power in the Deccan? While Aurangzeb expected him to surrender to the Mughals, Shivaji escaped with this quick thinking. He was disguised in a crate of sweets and fruits and successfully escaped the prison.
No wonder Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti is honoured by people from different walks of life. It was Shivaji Maharaj who realised the importance of building ports to dominate the sea routes. His first major naval project began in the early 1670s. He invested significant resources into building ships and recruiting sailors.
He constructed several important naval forts, including Sindhudurg and Malvan. Interestingly, the forts became crucial strategic bases for his navy. It helped him secure the coastal regions and enable operations against external enemies. These navy forces were used for conducting raids against the British. Marathas also attacked the Mughal fleet in the Gulf of Cambay, one of the major gulfs in India used for trading between countries.
6. Killing Afzal Khan
Afzal Khan was a general of the Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur. He was specifically sent to capture or kill Shivaji Maharaj. The Mughals could not see him as a powerful leader in the Deccan. That’s when Afzal Khan tried to lure Shivaji. He pretended to negotiate peace at Pratapgad Fort and invited Shivaji Maharaj. He arrived with a concealed dagger and Shivaji somehow had anticipated the betrayal.
Even Shivaji Maharaj wore armour under his clothes. He even carried a hidden wagh nakh (tiger claw weapon) and a small dagger to counterattack Afzal Khan. When Afzal Khan attempted to stab Shivaji, he smoothly countered by using the wagh nakh. That led to a tear opening in Afzal Khan’s stomach. Later, Shivaji’s bodyguard also killed Afzal Khan’s bodyguard. The Marathas then attacked Afzal Khan’s army and defeated them! This iconic victory was marked in history and remains a glorious part of the Maratha Empire.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti Celebrations across India
1. Honouring Shivaji Maharaj’s Statues and Processions
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti is celebrated with great honour and love, specifically in Maharashtra. The key cities of Mumbai and Pune generally host grand celebrations on the occasion of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti. You can see multiple statues of the brave warrior across the state. Most of these statues are honoured with traditional music and dance performances.
The public display of love for the pride of the Maratha Empire can be seen through cultural engagement. Many followers of Shivaji Maharaj also host public rallies where people carry posters and recite different slogans. This is specifically done to make the younger generations aware of his courageous journey. You can specifically book affordable hotels near Shivaji Park Mumbai or hotels in Pune to witness the massive celebrations of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti.
2. Public Speeches
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti remains incomplete without the public speeches delivered by historians or political leaders. These public speeches serve as a powerful medium to educate people about Shivaji Maharaj’s legacy. At times, higher authorities in the political department are invited to share their views on this big day. In this way, the day gets filled with a sense of patriotism among citizens.
Most speeches talk about the administrative system, naval expansion and fort-based strategy developed by Shivaji Maharaj. His guerrilla warfare brilliance is also highlighted for younger generations. Interestingly, the army of Shivaji Maharaj consisted of men from all religions. Many of his trustworthy people were Muslims too. He never forced his army men to convert their religions for the sake of wars or the ideal of Swaraj. Hence, he is always remembered as a secular leader in the history of India. So, make sure to attend one of the public events where speeches take you back in time.
3. Cultural Programs
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti celebrations are not limited only to the public. The big day also witnesses cultural performances at schools, colleges and other educational institutes. You can see various theatrical acts showcasing Maharaj’s courage, leadership and contributions to Indian history. Such skits help students understand his legacy in an engaging way.
Schools also organise poetry recitations, storytelling and speech competitions too. The topics revolve around Shivaji Maharaj’s life and his contributions. Even the boards in various institutions are decorated with inspirational quotes. Such creative approaches also include drawing, painting, rangoli making and so on.
What’s more? The Maratha empire is showcased well through folk music and dance. You can find students involved in Powada, Lezim dance and dhol-tasha performances too. Such creative displays celebrate Shivaji Maharaj’s warrior spirit and love for his people.
Modern-Day Celebrations on Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti
With the changing times, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti celebrations are no longer limited to traditional ideas. It is celebrated with a lot of love and respect even on social media platforms. Graphic designers get an opportunity to create unique creatives showcasing the bravery of Shivaji Maharaj. Many hashtags like #ShivajiJayanti or #JaiShivaji trend on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.
What’s more? You can also be a part of virtual events and webinars. So, no matter where you are in the world, you can always connect to the country on the day of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti. Social media platforms are generally filled with portraits too. Even a lot of artists showcase different poems and quotes celebrating the life of Shivaji Maharaj.
Apart from the social media craze for celebrating the day, you can also be a part of various blood donation drives. Multiple health camps are organised to honour the Maharaj. You can also get involved in food distribution and donation drives as a tribute. So, make sure to share the message of bravery with your friends and family on the day of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti.
Significant Places Named Under Shivaji Maharaj
- One of India’s busiest airports in Mumbai is named Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.
- A UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of India’s busiest railway stations in Mumbai is also named Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT).
- A historic ground known as Shivaji Park in Mumbai is used for political gatherings and cricket training.
- A major bridge in Pune is named Shivaji Bridge to honour the Maratha emperor.
- Several localities in Pune and Bengaluru are named Shivaji Nagar. They are prominent residential and commercial areas.
- Shivaji Stadium in New Delhi is a well-known venue for various sports events and public gatherings.
Famous Quotes by Shivaji Maharaj
“Never bend your head, always hold it high. Courage is the most important virtue.”
“Freedom is a right given by birth, not something that the ruler gives.”
“A true king fights alongside his soldiers and earns their respect.”
“When you start loving your goals with the same intensity as you love your life, you will surely achieve success.”
“Even if there were a sword in the hands of everyone, it is willpower that establishes a government.”
Best Quotes About Shivaji Maharaj
“Shivaji was the greatest Hindu King that India had produced in the last thousand years.” – Swami Vivekananda
“Shivaji was not only a great warrior but also a great administrator.” – Mahatma Gandhi
“Shivaji was the greatest nation-builder of modern India.” – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
“Shivaji Maharaj is an eternal source of inspiration for all those who love freedom.” – Bal Gangadhar Tilak
“Shivaji’s ideals of governance and justice were ahead of his time.” – Rabindranath Tagore
“Shivaji was not just a warrior but a visionary who knew how to build and run a kingdom.” – Jawaharlal Nehru
“Shivaji was the very embodiment of a king who ruled for his people.” – Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Honouring the Legendary Maratha Leader on Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti!
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti is not just the birth anniversary of the famous leader. It is also a day to pay tribute and respect to the fearless resistance of Shivaji Maharaj against other rulers. His military strategies and commitment to Swarajya (self-rule) continue to inspire people even in today’s time. Small as well as grand celebrations on the day of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti reflect the values of justice, equality and ethical leadership. As we observe Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti, let us not only honour his memory but also strive to uphold his values. That’s the true celebration of this day.
Jai Bhavani! Jai Shivaji!
